Visualizza wikitesto di Religioni ed ideologie

{{Da tradurre|URLinglese=http://en.lostpedia.com/wiki/Religion_and_ideologies}}

A causa di alcuni fatti misteriosi avvenuti sull'[[Isola]] e delle abitudini di alcuni degli abitanti, in molte occasioni vengono affrontate tematiche legate a '''religione e ideologie''' in ''Lost''.

== Generale==
* In {{ep|2x18}}, [[Ben]] dice a [[Locke]], "Dio non sa da quanto a lungo siamo qui, John. Non può vedere quest'isola più di quanto possa fare il resto del mondo."
* Uno delle opere letterarie citate è ''[[Are You There, God? It's Me, Margaret.]]''
* In {{ep|3x05}}, [[Ben]] chiede a [[Jack]] se crede in Dio.  Jack gli gira la domanda e Ben suggerisce che la presenza di Jack sull'Isola (un chirurgo spinale, quando Ben era malato di un tumore alla colonna) è la prova dell'esistenza di Dio.
* La scena in {{ep|3x19}}, dove Ben cerca di convincere Locke ad uccidere suo padre, richiama fortemente un rito sacrificale.

==Religioni Ufficiali==
===Cristianesimo===
Il Cristianesimo è forse la religione più citata all'interno della serie. Alcuni riferimenti sono dati proprio da alcune pratiche religiose dei personaggi mentre altri sono invece più velati. La maggior parte evidenziano più il concetto di "Fede" più che quello specifico della religione.

====Generale====
[[Immagine:Jesus Stick Full.jpg|thumb|right|Il [[Bastone di Eko]] riporta incise delle frasi bibliche.]]
[[Immagine:Eko's Cross.jpg|thumb|right|[[Eko]] porta con sè una [[croce di Eko|croce]]]]
Molti dei riferimenti al Cristianesimo, generali o specifici, sono fatti per bocca di [[Eko]], dato che è un sacerdote. Dopo aver [[Gli altri 48 giorni|ucciso]] due degli [[Altri]] per legittima difesa, Eko fa un voto per [[redenzione|redimersi]] e non parla per 40 giorni e 40 notti, reminescenza della [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaresima Quaresima] nel Cristianesimo. Nei 40 giorni Eko scolpisce un [[Bastone di Gesù|bastone]] dal ramo di un albero, incidendogli sopra una croce e varie citazioni della Bibbia che continua ad aggiungere anche dopo aver terminato il suo voto. L'ultima incisione è mostrata da [[Locke]] in {{crossref|3x05}} ed è: "Alza i tuoi occhi e guarda a nord." Giovanni 3.05, sebbene si un passo tratto da (Genesi 13:14). Giovanni 3:5 è in realtà: "Gesù rispose, 'In verità, in verità vi dico, nessuno entrerà nel regno dei cieli senza essere battezzato con acqua e Spirito Santo'" 

Sulla strada per il [[Beechcraft]], Eko raccoglie una [[croce di Eko|croce]] dal cadavere di suo fratello, [[Yemi]], che diventa un suo talismano. {{crossref|2x10}} Eko perde la sua croce durante l'implosione della Stazione [[Cigno]], prima di riottenerla indietro da [[Locke]] in una sorta di simbolico scambio di fede. {{crossref|3x05}} I sopravvissuti usano delle croci per segnare le tombe di [[Shannon]], [[Boone]] e gli altri passeggeri del Volo 815. Il loro usi di sepoltura Cristiani si distinguono rispetto a quelli degli [[Altri]], che usano un rituale funebre più inspirato all'Induismo.

Prima che Eko si riunisca ai [[Sopravvissuti della sezione centrale]], [[Rose]], una Cristiana devota, giocava un ruolo chiave nell'aiutare i suoi compagni ad riavvicinarsi alla fede e a superare le proprie sofferenze. Tra le persone aiutate c'è [[Charlie]], che riceve il conforto di Rose dopo il rapimento di [[Claire]] da parte di [[Ethan]], pregando per lui. In seguito aiuta Locke a riacquistare la sua fede nell'[[Isola]], prima che essa venga mandata in frantumi dalla sua visita alla Stazione [[Perla]]. {{crossref|2x17}}

In {{ep|2x12}}, Eko chiede aiuto a Charlie per costruire una [[Chiesa]]. Eko non finirà mai la costruzione. Locke in seguito utilizza questo luogo per costruire la sua [[capanna della fatica]], nella quale viene raggiunto da una visione di [[Boone]]. Questa contrapposizione suggerisce una similitudine tra la visione profeticadel Cristianesimo e la visione della  tradizione dei Nativi Americani.

La madre di Locke, [[Emily Annabeth Locke]], afferma che Locke sia nato per immacolata concezione. Quando i sopravvissuti rinchiudono [[Ben]] nell'[[armeria]] della Stazione [[Cigno]], viene legato al muro in un modo che ricorda la [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crocefissione crocefissione].

Altri riferimenti: [[Dave (L'amico immaginario di Hurley)|Dave]] induce Hurley ad abbuffarsi di cibo e si getta da una scogliera, questo ricorda le tentazioni si [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satana Satana] a [http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesù Gesù] durante i 40 giorni passati nel deserto.
* Rose prega per Charlie e considera la sua guarigione un miracolo.

====Riferimenti biblici====
Altri riferimenti al Cristianesimo sono fatti anche attraverso i nomi dei personaggi:

*[[Adamo ed Eva]] sono i primi uomini sulla Terra.
*[[Aaron|Aronne]] è il fratello di Mosè.
*[[Sarah|Sara]] è la madre di [[Isaac|Isacco]].
*[[Isaac|Isacco]] è il padre di [[Jacob|Giacobbe]].
*[[Jacob|Giacobbe]] è il fratello gemello di Esaù.
*[[Rachel|Rachele]] è la moglie di [[Jacob|Giacobbe]] e madre di [[Ben|Benoamino]].
*[[Jacob|Giacobbe]] è il padre di [[Ben|Beniamino]] e [[Daniel Roussea|Daniele]].
*[[Jacob|Giacobbe]] è il bis-bis-nonno di [[Aaron|Aronne]].
*[[Michael|Michele]] è il solo arcangelo citato nella Bibbia ad essere apparso sia nel Vecchio che nel Nuovo Testamento.
*[[Naomi]] è la suocera di [[Ruth]].
*[[Ethan]] è un suonatore di cembalo alla corte del Re Davide.
*[[James|Giacomo]] era il nome di due dei discepoli di Gesù e del fratello di Maria.
*[[John|Giovanni]] il Battista era secondo cugino di Gesù.  
*[[John|Giovanni]] è anche il nome del discepolo più vicino di Gesù, conosciuto come il discepolo che Gesù amava.[[John|Giovanni]] e suo fratello [[James|Giacomo]] erano soprannominati i Fratelli del Tuono da Gesù.
*[[Elizabeth]] era la cugina di Maria, madre di [[John|Giovanni]] il Battista, seconda cugina di Gesù.
*[[Thomas]]([[Tom|Tommaso]]) era un discepolo di Gesù che aveva dubitato di lui.

====Cattolicesimo====
[[Immagine:Baptism Dream.JPG|thumb|right|[[List_of_art_featured_in_Lost#.22Il Battesimo di Cristo.22|Il Battesimo di Cristo]] visto nel [[sogno di Charlie]]]]
[[Immagine:Claire Baptized.jpg|thumb|right|[[Eko]] battezza [[Aaron]] e [[Claire]]]]
[[Immagine:The Brother Karamazov.JPG|thumb|right|[[I fratelli Karamazov]]]]
All'interno della trama ci sono tre personaggi di fede cattolica: [[Charlie]], [[Mr. Eko]] ed [[Desmond]]; oltre ad altri riferimenti occasionali.

Come rivelato in uno dei suoi flashback, [[Charlie Pace]] è cresciuto come Cattolico praticante ed era un chierichetto. Charlie si allontana dalle sue abitudini religiose quando comincia a diventare famoso nel mondo della musica e comincia a fare uso di droga. Tuttavia, a causa del rapimento di [[Claire]] e dell'influenza della forte fede di [[Rose]], il traumatizzato Charlie trova conforto nella fede e chiede aiuto a Dio, anche se la perde per un altro breve periodo quando si dirige al [[beechcraft]] per prendere le [[statuette della Vergine Maria]] piene di eroina. Claire per un breve periodo crede che le statue siano il segno della fede di Charlie, prima di scoprire la verità. Dopo il suo arrivo al campo dei [[sopravvissuti]], [[Eko]] gioca un ruolo importante nell'influenzare l'attaccamento alla fede di Charlie. Charlie entra subito in contatto con Eko, diventa suo amico e lo aiuta a costruire la prima [[chiesa]] sull'[[Isola]], utilizzando della legna che Eko marca come "buona". {{crossref|2x18}}
In seguito, Charlie fa un vivido [[sogno di Charlie|sogno]] nel quale [[Aaron]] è costantemente in pericolo di vita. Nel sogno Aaron con sua madre e [[claire]], che appare come un angelo, e [[Hurley]] come Giovanni il Battista in una rivisitazione del [[Battesimo di Cristo]] del Verrocchio. Quando Charlie si confida con Eko, questi suggerisce una possibile relazione tra la salvezza di Aaron ed il fatto che debba essere battezzato. Influenzato dall'inssistenza di Charlie, Claire chiede ad Eko di battezzare lei e suo figlio Aaron, cosa che Eko fa secondo il rito cattolico. Come ultima segno della sua fede, Charlie prima di morire si fa il segno della croce (ma con la mano sinistra.)

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Catholicism is further referenced through Eko's own Flashbacks, which introduces his Catholic priest brother, [[Yemi]]. Both Eko and Yemi were raised in a devout catholic faith, before Eko strays to the life of crime to save his brother. After Yemi is later kidnapped by Eko's accomplices in the [[Drug smugglers' plane|Beechcraft]], Eko takes his place in church posing as a Catholic priest, before truthfully embracing his new role through an overseas internship that Yemi was signed for. Later, the reluctant Eko is sent to [[Australia]] by the [[Monsignor]] to investigate the claim of [[Joyce Malkin]], a devout Catholic, that her daughter, [[Charlotte Malkin|Charlotte]], miraculously rose from the dead. In spite of his disbelief, Eko is stopped by [[Charlotte Malkin|Charlotte]] at the airport, to deliver him a message from the dead Yemi, asking him to strengthen his faith. Honoring Yemi was the motivation for Eko's attempt in building the [[Church]], which also served as his means of [[Redemption]], before Yemi visits him in a dream, after which he embraces the [[pushing the button|pushing of the button]] as his new redeeming task. In his final moments, Eko is confronted by several Immagines of characters (presumably generated by the Monster) from his past, including Yemi, who repeatedly ask him to "Confess"; the traditional Catholic mean of [[Redemption]]. When Eko refuses, he is soon attacked by [[the Monster]] which ends his life. 

[[Desmond Hume]] was a Novice in a monastery in Eddington, Scotland and is under [[Brother Campbell]] as seen in {{ep|3x17}}.  The monastery's made income is growing the [[Moriah Vineyard]] label of wine similar to the way other monasteries do.   He was once engaged to [[Ruth]] whom he left when he felt a [[Higher Calling]] when meeting Brother Campbell.  Ruth wears a [[Rosary]] and has a prominent [[Crucifix]] on her wall.  Desmond is also seen crossing himself a number times before turning the [[Fail safe key]].

Other [[the Island|Island]] survivors with a Catholic background include [[Hurley]], who is raised by a devout Catholic mother for whom he buys a large gold Jesus statue, and who strongly denounces the idea of curses before a series of [[the Numbers|unfortunate events]] strikes her whole world after her son wins the lottery. Hurley also prays when trying to fix the [[DHARMA Van]] showing that at least some of his mother's belief has rubbed off on him.

Catholicism is mentioned very briefly in one of [[Kate]]'s flashbacks as well. As revealed by Marshal [[Edward Mars]] in their short [[I Do|call]], it was the Catholic [[Wikipedia:Feast of the Assumption|Feast of the Assumption]]. He then goes on to say, "How many holy days have come and gone since you last called?"  She also mentions  in {{ep|3x15}} that she went to Sunday School as a girl and that her alias, "Lucy" was inspired by St. Lucy.  A greater significance to Kate's choice is indicated because the feast [[Sawyer]] throws for the castaways occurs on Dec. 19, the Feast of St. Lucy.

Among the significant references, there is the notation, "'''Sursum corda'''", found on the [[blast door map]], meaning [[List_of_regularly_spoken_phrases#.22Lift_it_up.22|"Lift up your hearts"]], which holds a notable explicit reference, since it is the phrase often used in addressing the Catholic mass in the beginning of the Liturgy of the Eucharist.

[[Locke]]'s anger management meeting was in the meeting room of a Christian church, as stained glass is visible. This church may be Catholic, as identified by the church exterior which includes a white statue of the Virgin Mary.

'''Peccati capitali'''

Molti Several references to [[Wikipedia:Seven_deadly_sins|I Sette Vizi Capitali]] have been theorized.

Superbia ([[Jack]]), Invidia ([[Jin]]), Ira ([[Locke]]), Accidia ([[Shannon]]), Avarizia ([[Sawyer]]), Gola ([[Hugo]]), Lussuria ([[Boone]]).  As well several of the symbolic [[animals|animal]] equivalents have been seen: Superbia, Cavallo (cavallo di Kate); Invidia, Cane (Vincent); Ira, Orso (orso polare); Accidia, Capra (non ancora vista); Avarizia, Rana (Rana dell'albero di Sawyer); Gola, Maiale (cinghiale selvatico) e Lussuria, Vacca (le vacche di Mikhail Bakunin alla Stazione Fiamma).

====Ortodossia====
Orthodox Christianity was only referenced in the storyline through mentioning [[wikipedia:Fyodor Dostoevsky|Fyodor Dostoevsky]], whom [[Locke]] and [[Ben]] speak of while debating his famous book, "[[The Brothers Karamazov]]". Dostoevsky was in fact an intensely faithful member of the Russian Orthodox Church, which reflected in most of his work and in particular: "The Brothers Karamazov". In their debate, [[Ben]] picks a line from the book: ''"Men reject their prophets and slay them, but they love their martyrs and honor those whom they have slain"'', to use in exploring [[Locke's]] own motivations and his position on Faith.

Dostoevsky also wrote a book called "the Demons" or "the Devils" which was a critique in fiction of the atheist and anarchist represented by Russian philosophers like Bakunin.

====Protestantism====
*Protestantism was implicitly referenced twice in the storyline, both through Protestant weddings. The first was the wedding of [[Jack]] and [[Sarah]], and the second was that of [[Kate]] and [[Kevin Callis]]. 
*A single explicit reference to Protestantism was made by revealing [[Francis Heatherton]]'s earlier involvement in a rock band called "The Protestant Reformation
*The title of {{ep|3x15}} is the same as that of a series (and its first book) by a pair of Evangelicals that is centered on a fundamentalist interpretation of the Book of Revelation.

===Giudaesimo===
[[Immagine:Pillar of Smoke.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Pillar of Smoke]]]]
Judaism is a significant influence on the symbolism of Lost.  For example, the writers explicitly refer to Judaism in the names of some episodes, such as the names of both ''[[Season 1]]'' finale episodes as [[wikipedia:Exodus|Exodus]], which is the second book of the [[wikipedia:Torah|Torah]].  It tells the story of the Hebrews' [[wikipedia:Exodus|departure]] from Egypt, under the leadership of [[Wikipedia:Moses|Moses]] and [[Wikipedia:Aaron|Aaron]]. In the finale, the [[survivors]] are also forced to consider departing their camp and heading to the [[Swan]] station, after hearing [[Rousseau]] claim that [[the Others]] are coming.  Later, the writers refer again to [[wikipedia:Exodus|Exodus]] in the finale of ''[[Season 3]]'', when the castaways journey to the [[radio tower]].  In this episode, [[Naomi]] refers to Jack as "Moses."  Another such reference is the name of the ''[[Season 2]]'' episode, {{ep|2x10}}, which refers to the [[Psalm 23| the 23rd Psalm]] in the Bible, also known as the Shepherd Psalm.  In this episode, [[Eko]] and [[Charlie]] recite this Psalm together.  [[Eko]] recites it again in his final confrontation with [[the Monster]] in [[The Cost of Living]]. In {{ep|2x10}}, [[Claire]] tells [[Eko]] that her baby's name is [[Aaron]]. They discuss how the name was also that of Moses's elder [[wikipedia:Aaron|brother]] (the spokesman of Moses to his own people, and also to the [[wikipedia:Pharaoh|Pharaoh]]).

The writers' use of the [[Pillar of Smoke]] is another reference to Judaism.  According to [[wikipedia:Exodus|Exodus]], a pillar of smoke led the Hebrews through the desert in their journey to the Promised Land.  In the Bible, the pillar of smoke is a manfestation of God.  On [[the Island]], however, pillars of smoke appear to be malevolent rather than divine.  One pillar of smoke seems to constitute the body of [[the Monster]]. Another column of smoke signaled the presence of [[the Others]] (according to [[Rousseau]]).  In a more neutral sense, [[Jack]] and [[Sayid]] agree to use black smoke as a signal before heading to the Other's [[decoy village]].
 
The scene where [[Ben]] tries to get [[Locke]] to kill his father has been cited by fans as a backwards version of Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac.  The wine made by the monks at the abbey [[Desmond]] attends, Mount Moriah, is named for the site of the sacrifice.

===Islamismo===
[[Immagine: Praying.jpg|thumb|right|[[Sayid]] '''praying''' on the [[Sailboat]]]]
[[wikipedia:Islam|Islam]] is introduced in the storyline by a leading character; [[Sayid]], who is of Muslim faith. Like many other characters, Sayid can be considered to have undergone a transition towards faith and spirituality, which in his case became a strong factor in helping him atone for his past. Given the nature of Islam as a wide range system of beliefs, overlapping the [[fate and free will]] dilemma, as well as views on [[redemption]], a number of Sayid's actions and emotional struggles on [[the Island]] can be explained in the light of its inspirations. During the past seasons, Sayid was seen practicing a number of Islamic rituals, as well as making faith-inspired   decisions, referencing his faith at both explicit and implicit levels.

Among the main explicit references, comes '''Praying''' (''[[wikipedia:Salat|Salat]]''), which Sayid was seen practicing on and off [[the Island]] with different mindsets. Hence, comes its importance in portraying his Faith Journey. Prior to the [[crash]], a flashback of Sayid revealed his employment of praying as a means of approaching [[Essam]], to fulfill the [[the Greater Good|task]] he was blackmailed into by the [[CIA]]. His desire to claim [[Essam]]'s body to provide a proper Islamic burial delayed his flight, causing him to board the fated [[Flight 815]]. Furthermore, during his time on the Island, Sayid was seen on the [[Sailboat]] praying again, this time, however, as a means of connecting to God, to strengthen his faith and attain a spiritual support, before what could be a deadly [[Live Together, Die Alone|confrontation]] with [[the Others]]. Another reference to praying was made, when Sayid visited [[Shannon]]'s grave, and left his praying breads at the cross, in what also seemed to be a symbol of bridging between religions. {{crossref|1x21}}

'''Position on burials'''. During the events of {{ep|1x04}}, Sayid suggested the burial of the deceased bodies from [[The middle section]] and opposed [[Jack Shephard|Jack]]'s practical decision to burn them along with the fuselage. He felt that neither he nor [[Jack Shepherd|Jack]] had the right to make such a decision which may disregard the wishes and religious beliefs of the deceased.

After the death of Essam in Sydney, the Australian government prepared to cremate his body, having no one to claim the body. Sayid was compelled to claim the body of Essam in order to avoid the cremation of his Muslim friend. {{crossref|1x21}}

'''Salvation'''. After torturing [[Sawyer]], Sayid departs on a '''solitary''' journey. {{crossref|1x08}}

'''Testimony of faith'''. While hanging up in [[Rousseau's traps|Rousseau's trap]] and thinking he would die, he is heard saying the Islamic testimony of Faith (''[[wikipedia:Shahadah|Shahadah]]''), which are the last words a Muslim says before his death, if able to. {{crossref|1x09}}
 
'''Belief in ''Qadr'', fate or divine destiny'''. One of the doctrines of Islam is [[Wikipedia:Qadr (doctrine)|''Qadr'']], fate or divine destiny. [[Fate]] is one of the persistent [[themes]] of LOST.
Although it is not certain, Sayid is most probably a [[Wikipedia:Sunni Islam|Sunni]].  Evidence for this include the following: he is from Tikrit (per [[S1E06 - House of the Rising Sun Transcript|S106, House of the Rising Sun]]).  [[Wikipedia:Tikrit|Tikrit]] is part of the predominantly Sunni area of Iraq. In [[S1E09 - Solitary Transcript|S109, Solitary]], while he tortures a prisoner named Falah, he refers to Shiites in a manner that implies he is Sunni: "You want me to stop, Falah?  . . . Your Shiite friends have already implicated you in the bombing. You planted the device in the Bathist headquarters, didn't you?"
Although ''Qadr'' is a doctrine common throughout Islam, it is emphasized in Sunni Islam as one of the [[Wikipedia:six articles of belief|six articles of belief]].
In [[S2E23-24 - Live Together, Die Alone (Part 1 and 2) Transcript|S2E23, "Live Together, Die Alone"]], Sayid refers to fate in a way that implies he at least partially believes in it: "On the way to the funeral I told you that Michael had been compromised by the Others, and then you asked me how we might take advantage of that. I believe fate has given us our answer -- the boat." In general, however, Sayid speaks and acts as if his words and actions can have a direct effect on events, which implies a practical belief in free will.
{{brclear}}

===Credenze dei Nativi Americani=== 
[[Immagine:Sweat Lodge big.jpg|thumb|right|Locke's [[sweat lodge]]]]
* The various animal appearances have totemic qualities.
** There is a [[sweat lodge]] at the [[commune]] and Locke builds another sweat lodge on the Island for the purpose of undergoing a vision quest. {{crossref|3x03}}
* The Jeep ad found in [[letyourcompassguideyou.com]] features a Native American totem pole.
* {{link|Black Rock}} – Hawaii… This promontory came to be designated as one of three great 'Uhane Lele, a sacred point where souls of the dead leaped into their ancestral spirit land.
* A {{link|Black Rock}} Spirit (in Native American mythology) figures among the superhuman guards that defended an island of bad spirits located in the middle of the ocean.

=== Shamanismo===
* [[Locke]] often acts in a quasi-shamanic fashion and claims to be "a man of faith".
* [[Boone]]'s vision of [[Shannon]] being killed by [[the Monster]] was very like a shamanic vision-quest.
* The spiral on the tie-dye shirt given to [[Desmond]] by [[Hurley]] is a symbol often found in primitive art.

===Australian Aboriginal beliefs===
* [[Locke]] was planning on going on a walkabout.  The tour in the show was geared towards tourists but in {{link|Australian Aboriginal}} beliefs, a walkabout is a means of communing with the spirits and oneself and is done alone.
* The Uluru in [[Isaac of Uluru]] refers to a sacred site of the Australian Aboriginals also known as Ayer's Rock
* Many of the [[Glyphs]] resemble Aboriginal artwork.{{brclear}}

===Buddismo===
[[Immagine:18wheel.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Dharmacakra]] seen flashing by in [[Psychology Test Orientation Video]]]]
[[Immagine:3x08-desmond-painting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|A buddha appears in the painting Desmond sees in Charles Widmore's office. --{{crossref|3x08}}]]
* [[Dharma]] and [[Namaste]] are terms relevant to Buddhism. {{crossref|Season 2}}
* The number [[108]] has great significance in Buddhism [http://salagram.net/108meaning] and a number of Eastern beliefs.
* When [[Jin]] passes [[Sun]]'s friend after asking if he can "see his wife", a statue of the Buddha is visible in the corridor outside the room. {{crossref|1x17}}
* [[Locke]] tells [[Sun]] that he didn't find what he was looking for until he stopped looking.  There's a Zen Buddhist koan that goes "To find something stop looking for it." {{crossref|2x05}}
* The central tenets of Buddhism are called "The [[4]] Noble Truths"
**Additionally, the following of the four noble truths involves walking the [[8]] fold path.  
* The Jeep ad found in [[letyourcompassguideyou.com]] features a Buddha statue.
* A repetitive theme in ''Lost'' & ''[[The Lost Experience]]'' is an Immagine of the [[dharmacakra]], an [[8]] spoked wheel representing the Eightfold Path of enlightenment.
* The slideshow in [[Room 23]] contained the phrases "We are the causes of our own suffering" and "THINK ABOUT YOUR LIFE".  These may be references to the Buddhist Four Noble Truths.  The video also contained a quote from the Buddhist text Dhammapada: "Plant a good seed and you will joyfully gather fruit", and it also contained an Immagine of the Buddha. {{crossref|3x07}}
* There is an upside-down Buddha in the [[Painting (Widmore)|painting]] in [[Charles Widmore]]'s office and the word [[Namaste]] is written backwards on the top side. {{crossref|3x08}}
* [[Achara]] is a synonym for Dharma and the [[wikipedia:Thai greeting|Wai]] has a similar meaning to Namaste {{crossref|3x09}}
* The [[music|song]] ''[[Shambala]]'' plays on the [[DHARMA van|van]] radio.  Shambala, also spelled Shambhala, is a mystical Himalayan hidden kingdom in the lore of Tibetan Buddhism.  {{crossref|3x10}}.
* In [[Through the Looking Glass]] as Jack drives to the funeral parlor he is listening to a song by Nirvana.  Achievment of Nirvana is the ultimate goal of Buddhism.
{{brclear}}

===Induismo===
* "Dharma" and "Namaste" also have meanings in Hinduism.
* [[108]] is also a sacred number to Hindus.
* [[Colleen]]'s funeral included dress and procedures reminiscent of Hindu customs.{{brclear}}
* [[Richard Alpert]] is the birth name of Baba Ram Dass, Hindu/New Age guru
* "[[Achara]]" is a Hindu concept synonymous with "Dharma".
* The Om is shown on [[Thai boy]]'s t-shirt in {{ep|3x09}}.

===Taoismo===
{{main|DHARMA_logos#The_logos.27_origins}}
[[Immagine:Station3Swan logo.jpg|thumb|right|The [[DHARMA]] [[Swan]] symbol is a bagua, with the swan neck forming a yin-yang.]]
* The [[List of Recurring Themes:Black and White|black and white]] theme is about duality, a central tenet of Taoism
* The Dharma logos feature symbols from the [[I Ching]] which is used as a divination method in Taoism.
* [[Tai Soo]] owns and believes in a "destiny book", which is a book of predictions and omens based on Taoist beliefs.
* [[Boone Carlyle]] wears a singlet featuring the number 84, which is a reference to Ying & Yang, a central tenet of Taoism.
* A yin-yang symbol appears in [[Juliet]] and [[Rachel]]'s apartment. {{crossref|3x07}}
* The new logo for the [[Hanso Foundation]] looks like a stylized yin-yang symbol {{crossref|The Lost Experience}}
{{brclear}}

==Mitologia==

===Greca===
[[Immagine:Pandora's Box.jpg|thumb|right|180px|''Pandora'': A John William Waterhouse painting of the classical Greek myth, '''Pandora's box''', resembling the Hatch ]]
* Apollo
** The [[Apollo|Apollo candy bar]].  Apollo was the Greek god of the sun, archery, medicine and music.
** Apollo was the child of Zeus and Leto. Hera, the wife of Zeus, found out Leto was pregnant and closed all lands to her. She found sanctuary on the newly formed floating island of Delos which because it wasn't really land was free from Hera's command. But Leto could not give birth because Hera would not let her daughter Ilithyia, goddess of childbirth go to Leto. No child could be born without her assistance. Hera was eventually tricked into letting her daughter to go Leto. Apollo and his twin sister Artemis were then born while the Island was surrounded by Swans.
** The [[Helios Foundation]] is a location in the book ''[[Bad Twin]]''. Helios was one of the Titans, the gods that were overthrown and replaced by the Olympians. Specifically, he was the god of the sun, the precursor to Apollo.
* The [[the Hatch (Swan Exterior)|hatch]] has been referenced by the writers as a metaphor for [[Pandora's Box (theory)|Pandora's Box]]. [[Locke]] tells [[Hurley]] that he believes "hope is inside".
* The name [[Cerberus]] is found on the [[Blast Door]] map.  It may be the name for [[the Security System]].  [[Cerberus]] was the name of the three-headed dog that guarded the entrance of Hades, the Greek underworld.
* [[Penelope]]'s name and relationship to seafaring hero [[Desmond]] are likely references to Homer's epic, [[the Odyssey]].
* [[Persephone]] is the name both ?f a character in [[the Lost Experience]] and daughter of Zeus and Demetra, the goddess of agriculture, in the Greek mythology. [[Persephone]] was kidnapped by Pluto, the god of Hades. Demetra was very angry and did not allow any crops to grow. Zeus decided to create a compromise between the two gods by allowing [[Persephone]] to live six months by her husband Pluto and six months by her mother Demetra. It's a clear myth of the circle of seasons and life and death.
* [[The Hydra]], like Cerberus, was a monster that Hercules battled in his 12 Labors, and was another offspring of Typhon and Echidna. The myth states that [[Hydra]] had nine heads but the [[Dharma]] logo has only six. Each time Hercules cut one head, another two appeared in its place. Hercules' nephew Iolaos then scorched [[Hydra]]'s wounds to finally kill the Monster, but his help resulted in another two labors being added to Hercules' list.
** [[The Hydra]] also appears in a story of Apollo. Apollo's bird captured the Hydra and attempted to blame it for the bird's own mistakes. 
* The [[Four-Toed statue|statue]] could be a reference to classical Greek sculpture.
* The [[Staff]] symbol is a caduceus, and was the staff of Hermes (often confused with the Rod of Asclepius). While the staff later belong to Hermes, it originally belonged to Apollo.
* Kronos is a fictional company shown in an ad in the soccer game [[Desmond]] is watching on television in a bar. Kronos is a titan, father of Zeus. {{crossref|3x08}}
*  The [[medusa spider]] is so named for the paralytic quality of it's poison.  Medusa was one of three monterous sisters, the Gorgons whose gaze turned people to stone.

===Romana===
*The animistic beliefs of the Etruscan ancestors of the Latins (who founded the Roman republic and empire) were predicated on the idea that all aspects of nature (including human acts) were controlled by spirits called "numina."  These were thought for the most part to be insentient and limited in influence, guided instead by fate or destiny (order).  It was not until the advent of Greek tradition that the pantheon of Roman gods were anthropomorphized.
**Some events on [[the Island]] appear to happen spontaneously but at crucial moments:
***[[Michael]] promises [[Walt]] to look for [[Vincent]] "as soon as the rain stops."  Just as he finishes his sentence, the rain indeed stops.{{crossref|1x3}}
*The Romans also engaged in ancestor or "genius" worship.  They believed that once a person died, his or her spirit remained to protect and give strength to the family.  Immagines of dead family members were made, kept, paid respect to, and passed down through generations as a way to connect to the gods and the mysteries of the universe.
**Families play an important role in Lost, with some appearances by deceased family members:
***[[Jack]] saw a specter of his father, [[Christian]], which he later followed to the [[caves]].{{crossref|1x4}}
***[[Eko]] saw a specter of [[Yemi]] and followed it to his lethal encounter with [[the Monster]].{{crossref|3x5}}
*Romans used augurs to read the flight of birds and determine whether a course of action already decided upon met with the approval of the gods.  This was NOT a way to tell the future.  Specific information of the methods used by augurs to produce auspices is limited, therefore making a reading of birds on [[Lost]] may not be possible.
**A large bird startles Jack, Locke, Kate, and Hurley in the [[Dark Territory]] shortly before [[the Monster]] attacks them.{{crossref|1x24}}
**A similar bird startles Hurley, Sawyer, Jack, Michael, and Kate as they move through the jungle toward the Others' beach camp.{{crossref|2x23}}
**Claire sees a flock of seagulls and gets and idea to attach a message to one, in hopes that scientists studying the birds will find it.{{crossref|3x12}}
**A flock of birds flies over Sayid, Locke, Kate, and Rousseau as they reach the [[barracks]].{{crossref|3x12}}

===Egizia===
[[Immagine:Iceland 02 1.jpg|thumb|right|'''Hieroglyphics''' from the Lost Experience]]
* The [[hieroglyphs]] on the timer are either red on black or black on red.  In Egyptian mythology red is the color of chaos, destruction and evil.
** According to the producers the hieroglyphs refer to the "Underworld".{{brclear}}

===Sumera==
* [[Gilgamesh]] (an answer in [[Locke]]'s [[crossword puzzle]]) and Enkidu were heroes in the Sumerian epic, ''the Tale of Gilgamesh'' which many credit as the Mesopotamian equivalent of the Greek Heracles.

===Nordica===
*[[Mikhail]] ha perso un occhio e sembra essere tornato in vita almeno due volte. Nella mitologia nordica il dio [[wikipedia:Odino|Odino]] diede un suo occhio per bere dal Pozzo del Giudizio di Mimir che donava l'onniscenza. Per quanto riguarda l'immortalità, Odino rimase appeso all'Albero del Mondo, il [[wikipedia:Yggdrasl|Yggdrasl]], per 9 giorni e notti,   for 9 days and nights, pierced by his own spear in order to find that very Well.

==Altre ideologie==
===Ateismo and Disciplina Agnostica===
* During the dinner where he proposes to her [[Rose]] asks [[Bernard]] "What does God have to do to get your attention?"
* The philosophers Mikhail Bakunin and Ayn Rand were both fervant atheists.
* [[Ben]] questions [[Jack]] if he believes in God, to which Jack asks him the same question. Ben replies yes, but Jack doesn't say anything. It is unknown if Jack is an atheist or not {{crossref|3x05}}

===Discordianism===
{{main|The Illuminatus! Trilogy}}

===Spiritualismo New Age===
* "New Age" ideologies borrow from a number of different "naturalistic" religious schools of thought, including Buddhism, Taoism, Shamanism & Aboriginal cultural veins discussed above.
* [[Isaac of Uluru]] is a "spiritual healer" and lives and operates on a "place of power".
* [[Claire]] is a believer in Astrology and went to a [[Richard Malkin|professional psychic]]. 
* The Jeep ad at [[letyourcompassguideyou.com]] has an astrological zodiac at its center.
* [[The Numbers]] especially [[Hurley]]'s reaction to them evoke the belief of numerology which holds that numbers have power over one's fate.
* [[Richard Alpert]] is the birth name of Baba Ram Dass, a Hindu/New Age guru
* The book {{ep|3x09}} was the inspiration for the real life neo-pagan religion, the Church of All Worlds.
* [[Lynn Karnoff]] was shown reading tarot cards (Medieval Scapini deck) for [[Hurley]].

===Culti===
* A cult is defined as a (usually relatively small or new) non-mainstream group of people who share the same belief system.  They are not usually as established as organized religions.  
* The [[Helios Foundation]] mentioned in [[Bad Twin]] was a cult.

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[[Categoria:Tematiche ricorrenti]]
[[Categoria:Riferimenti culturali|Religione]]